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Memory safety

Exploit versus repair

Exploit and repair rates on the same memory-safety vulnerabilities with public fixes.

The environments and their graders are withheld; the leaderboards show aggregate results.

Memory safety

Exploit versus repair

3 systems · 209 vulnerabilities completed in both roles

Exploit and repair rates on the same memory-safety vulnerabilities with public fixes.

← Higher exploit rateHigher repair rate →
  1. OpenCode GPT-5.3 Codex: +6.7 points, -0.3 to +13.8, not separated
  2. OpenCode GPT-5.5: -11.0 points, -16.5 to -6.2, higher exploit rate
  3. Claude Code Opus 4.7: -22.5 points, -30.8 to -13.9, higher exploit rate
Repair rate minus exploit rate, in percentage points, on the vulnerabilities every system saw. Thin line: 95% CI. † The 95% CI includes zero.

The table scrolls sideways.

Per system: the repair rate minus the exploit rate, its range, † where that range includes zero, then the exploit and repair rates.
SystemΔ (pp)RangeExploitRepair
OpenCode GPT-5.3 Codex+6.7 (the range includes zero)-0.3 to +13.877.0%83.7%
OpenCode GPT-5.5-11.0-16.5 to -6.296.2%85.2%
Claude Code Opus 4.7-22.5-30.8 to -13.979.9%57.4%
Paired set † the range includes zero. The reasoning effort for these runs is not recorded. Claude Code ran CLI 2.1.114 as attacker and 2.1.111 as defender, so this differential does not attribute to the model alone.
Additional comparison
On one harness, GPT-5.3 Codex minus GPT-5.5: +17.7 pp, +10.5 to +24.9.
Exploit versus repair · Memory safety | XOR